なさい [なさい] (nasai)

Drop the ーます from the ーます form and add なさい to make this form



座りなさい。 
Sit down.  

mae ni 前に

Verb Dictionary form + 前に
Noun + の前に

naku temo ii desu なく ても いいです

don't have to.

Verb-ないform (remove い) + くて(も)いい

sou desu そうです

Meaning - looks like, seems like

美味しいです　美味しそうです

高いです　高そうです

楽しいです　たのしそうです

connecting 2 adjectives

i-Adjective

To change to te-form for i-adjectives, remove the "い" (i) and replace it with "くて" (kute).

To change to te-form for na-adjectives, append "で" (de) at the end.

Marie Currie - Page 3

Subsequently, this Manya, who later became known as Marie Curie, became the first woman to receive the Nobel prize, and she even received it twice.

Manya grew to love reading books.

By reading, she came to learn and understand about thats that she did not know before.

As she learn and discover more things from reading, the more she want to know, and the more books she want to read.

When Manya entered primary school, she went to the one side of the library to read books.

nodesu のです

SOURCE - Maggie Sensei


In order to understand how to use ん ( = ), you have to know  the form of  ** のです ( = ** no desu. ) or  **のだ  ( = **noda)  because * *んです  ( = **n desu) and **んだ ( = **n da) are spoken language of  **のです ( = ** no desu.) or  **のだ ( =**noda.).

What is the  difference between 1) and 2)?

1) 寒いです。= samui desu.

2) 寒いのです。= samui no desu

Basic form

adjective (na-adjective and i-adjective) and verb (dictionary form) + のです = nodesu → んです = n desu

or のだ = noda→んだ = nda

• 暑いです。

= Atsui desu.

= It’s hot. (Just a fact.)

↓ (giving  a reason.)

• 暑いのです。

= Atsui no desu.

=Because it’s hot.

↓ (conversational)

• 暑いんです。

= Atsuin desu.

= Because it’s hot.

↓(more casual)

• 暑いんだ。

= Atsuin da.

= ‘Cause it’s hot.

NARU なる

ADJECTIVES



As for the I-adjective, replace the final "~ i" with "~ ku" to make the adverbial form.

Atarashii 新しい (new) --- atarashiku (naru) 新しく(なる)

Atsui 暑い (hot) --- atsuku (naru) 暑く(なる)

Ookii 大きい (big) ---- ookiku (naru) 大きく(なる)


NA-Adjective
replace the final "~ na" with "~ ni".


Kireina きれいな (pretty) ---- kireini (naru) きれいに（なる）

Shizukana 静かな (quiet) --- shizukani (naru) 静かに(なる)

NOUN

NOUN + Ni Naru

Connecting grammar

1) I see - そうですか

Potential Form

Rules for creating potential form

• For ru-verbs: Replace the 「る」 with 「られる」.
  Example: 見る → 見られる
• For u-verbs: Change the last character from a / u / vowel sound to the equivalent / e / vowel sound and add 「る」.
  Example: 遊ぶ → 遊べ → 遊べる
• Exceptions:
  1. 「する」 becomes 「できる」
  2. 「くる」 becomes 「こられる」

※Remember that all potential verbs become ru-verbs.

ALL POTENTIAL FORM USE GA



Group 1　かきます　かけます　かける　write
Group２　おきます　おきられます
Group3　きます　こられます
Group3　します　できます　

Examples

1. 漢字は書けますか？
   Can you write kanji?
2. 残念だが、今週末は行けない。
   It’s unfortunate, but can’t go this weekend.
3. もう信じられない。
   I can’t believe it already.

Vocabulary

1. 見える 【み・える】 (ru-verb) – to be visible
2. 聞こえる 【き・こえる】 (ru-verb) – to be audible
3. 今日 【きょう】 – today
4. 晴れる 【は・れる】 (ru-verb) – to be sunny
5. 富士山 【ふ・じ・さん】 – Mt. Fuji
6. 友達 【とも・だち】 – friend
7. おかげ – thanks to
8. 映画 【えい・が】 – movie
9. ただ – free of charge; only
10. 見る 【み・る】 (ru-verb) – to see
11. こと – event, matter
12. 出来る 【で・き・る】 (ru-verb) – to be able to do
13. 久しぶり 【ひさ・しぶり】 – after a long time
14. 彼 【かれ】 – he; boyfriend
15. 声 【こえ】 – voice
16. 聞く 【き・く】 (u-verb) – to ask; to listen
17. 周り 【まわ・り】 – surroundings
18. うるさい (i-adj) – noisy
19. 言う 【い・う】 (u-verb) – to say
20. あまり／あんまり – not very (when used with negative)

Examples

1. 今日は晴れて、富士山が見える。
   (It) cleared up today and Fuji-san is visible.
2. 友達のおかげで、映画はただで見られた。
   Thanks to (my) friend, (I) was able to watch the movie for free.
3. 友達のおかげで、映画をただで見ることができた。
   Thanks to (my) friend, (I) was able to watch the movie for free.

difference between 言った and 言われた

言った is the past form of 言う and, as you said, it means "said" or "told".

言われる is the passive form of 言う and it means "to be told". 言われた is the past form of the passive, and so means "was told".

彼は医者に禁酒するようにいわれた。

He was told to abstain from drinking by the doctor.

勉強をするそうに　いわれた

souni そうに

meaning - look , seem like

Verb-ますstem + そうに + Verb
なadjective + そうに + Verb

いadjective (remove い) + そうに + Verb

(~しよう、〜しましょう): - Let's do something.

te aru てある

てある (te aru) is used when something is intentionally done and you can see the resulting state of that action.

ドアが開けてある

The door has been left open (intentionally)

Example 1) 作った VS 作ってある

This example will focus on the difference between using past form and てある (te aru) form.

1.1) Using 作った

明日の弁当はもう作った。

ashita no bentou wa mou tsukutta.

I (have) already made tomorrow’s bento (lunch).

1.2) Using 作ってある

明日の弁当はもう作ってある。

ashita no bentou wa mou tsukutte aru.

Tomorrow’s bento (lunch) has been prepared already.

* 書く( = kaku) = to write

make て ( = te) form and add ある ( = aru )

書いてある ( = kaite aru) to be written (when you find something that someone wrote with a purpose. ) 

ながす 流す

#電線　　#は#電気　　を流す。
でんせん　　　でんき　　ながす　

wires carry electricity

darou だろう used to express uncertainty

でしょう　and だろう　have the same meaning, only でしょう　is formal and だろう　is informal.

verbs
{ 食べる　/　食べた } 　だろう
{ taberu / tabeta } darou
(someone will probably eat / probably ate)

i-adjectives
{ 高い　/　高かった } 　だろう
{ takai / takakatta } darou
(something is / was probably expensive)

na-adjectives
{ 静か　/　静かだった } 　だろう
{ shizuka / shizuka datta } darou
(something is / was probably quiet)

nouns
{ 学生　/　学生だった } 　だろう
{ gakusei / gakusei datta } darou
(someone is / was probably a student)

adjective to adverbs

i-adjective
い   change to　く

おおきい　おおきく (big)

1) はやい　はやくあるきます
    (walk fast)

2) あつい　あつくなりました
    (became hot)

3) さむい　さむくなりました
     (became cold)


Na - adjective な　becomes に
べんりな　べんりに (convenient)

1) じょずな　じょずに　なりました
     (to become skillful)

2) きれいな　きれいに　かきます
                        (to write neatly)

     　　　　　きれいに　します
                         (make it clean)

tano たの

1. (usu. sentence end) indicates emotion, admiration, emphasis, etc.

彼はあまり年をとっていたので、歩けませんでした。

He was too old to walk.

彼はすぐ近くにいたので私は彼を避けれなかった。

He was so near that I couldn't avoid him.

会が散会したのは昨夜８時ごろだった。

It was around eight last night when the meeting broke up.

私はあなたの国について知りたい。

I want to know about your country.

だが私たちが無礼のないように、湖に行って，つり針を投げ，最初に釣れた魚を取りなさい。その口を開くと，４ドラクマ硬貨を見つけるだろう。それを取って，わたしとあなたの税として彼らに与えなさい。

But so that we may not cause offense, go to the lake and throw out your line. Take the first fish you catch; open its mouth and you will find a four-drachma coin. Take it and give it to them for my tax and yours.

kara because から ので

nara v tara なら たら

from japanesepod.com
 Today's grammar point is -tara and -nara, both of which form conditional phrases. Tara is a subordinate conjunction. In English, this roughly corresponds to "when," "if" and "after." Nara is the hypothetical form of the da copula, which expresses the speaker's supposition about the truth of a present or past fact or the actualization of something in the future.　In English, this roughly corresponds to "if it is true that" or "if that's the case."

Formation: 
Tara: Verb / Adj (informal past tense) + ra

走ったら 
Hashitta ra

かわいかったら 
kawaikatta ra

Noun + datta +ra

雨だったら　
ame datta ra

Nara: Verb /i-Adj (informal form) + nara

勉強するなら　
benkyō suru nara

高いなら　 
takai nara

na-Adjective (stem) + nara

きれいなら　
kirei nara

Noun + nara

子どもなら
kodomo nara

Examples:

タクシーに乗ったら間に合うよ。　 
Takushī ni nottara maniau yo. 
If you get a taxi, you can make it.

明日、雨だったら、運動会は中止です。　 
Ame datta ra, undōkai wa chūshi desu. 
If it is rainy tomorrow, we won't do the athletic festival.

そんなに高いなら、買わないよ。　 
Sonna ni takai nara, kawanai yo. 
If it's so expensive, I won't buy it.

先生ならきっとおこるだろう。　 
Sensei nara kitto okoru darō. 
I bet my teacher would get angry.

着いたら、改札の前で待っています。 
Tsuita ra, kaisatsu no mae de matte imasu. 
When I arrive, I'll wait for you in front of the electronic ticket gate.

sase させ させる

English Meaning(s) for させ

ichidan verb, transitive verb

1. to make (someone) do
2. to allow (someone) to

•勉強する ( = benkyou suru) to study

勉強させる ( = benkyou saseru) to make someone study

Volitional – the act of willing, choosing, or resolving; exercise of willing.

Volitional – the act of willing, choosing, or resolving; exercise of willing.

b. Adding “to suru” after a verb that is in Volitional Form changes the meaning from “let’s [verb]” to “I will make an effort to [verb].” Similarly to the “to omou / omotte iru” patterns, “to suru” implies that you will make an effort to do the action in question. While “to shite iru” implies that you are and have been making the effort (“shite iru” is the progressive tense of “suru”):  

６時に起きようとします。

Roku ji ni okiyou to shimasu

(I will make an effort to wake up at 6:00).

６時に起きようとしています。

Roku ji ni okiyou to shite imasu

(I am making an effort to wake up at 6:00).

That’s all on Volitional Form for now! What do you think of Volitional Form conjugation patterns?Which Japanese verb conjugation patterns do you find the easiest to hear and use, and which do you find the hardest?

sonna そんな

• son'na そんな
  Like that thing. Such as that thing.
  The way you're talking about.

みつかる 見つかる mitsukaru

Type: Verb (intransitive)
Meaning: to be found, to be discovered
JLPT level: N4

少なくとも夜のうちにこの隠れ場所が見つかることはなかったようだ。
sukunakutomo yoru no uchi ni kono kakurebasho ga mitsukaru koto wa nakatta you da.
Our hiding place has not been discovered in the night.

幸い、私はじつにうまくかくれてましたから、みつかりませんでした。
saiwai, watashi wa jitsu ni umaku kakurete mashita kara, mitsukarimasen deshita.
Fortunately, I was so well concealed that they could not find me.

ミツヒコは凍りつき、見つかるのを覚悟した。
mitsuhiko wa kooritsuki, mitsukaru no o kakugo shita.
Mitsuhiko froze, bracing to be discovered.

あちこち問題を探して歩こう。いくつか見つかるはずだ。
achikochi mondai o sagashite arukou. ikutsuka mitsukaru hazu da.
Go walk around and look for a problem; you will find some.

noga のが

この本は読むのに簡単だ。This book is easy to read.
この本は読むのが簡単だ。This book is easy to read.

I was wondering if anyone could explain to me how these two readings differ in nuance?

As I understand it "no ni" highlights the noun, and "no ga" is highlighting the action. So

この本は読むのに簡単だ。

means that the book is simple to read. The book is written in a nice way.

In the case of "no ga" you are highlighting the action. So

この本は読むのが簡単だ。

actually means "the act of reading this book is simple". The book has a large font perhaps, or the pages are not stuck together.

Similarly:

声を出して読むのがうまい - good at reading aloud

ベッドで読むのによさそうな物 - a thing that is good bedtime reading

だしあい 出し合い dashiai

Meaning - To contribute jointly


教師は学生の興味を高め、彼ら同士の間で考えさせ、問題を出し合い、議論させる。

Teachers stimulate the students' interest, have them think, ask questions, and debate among themselves.

教師　－　きょうし
興味　ー　きょうみ
高める－　たかめる  -to enhance, raise, lift
同士　－　どうし      -fellow, companion
間　　－　あいだ
議論　－　ぎろん
させるー　to make someone do, to allow

エジソン 十ページ Edison Page 10

友人            を　たくさん　よんで,
(ゆうじん)

アイデア　を　だしあい、
　　　　　　　出し合い　

思いついた　ものは　どんどん　ためしていくのが

Edison called out to many of his friends, asking them to contribute their ideas. He will than try out all his ideas. This is Edison's style.

「しっぱいしたら、はずかしい」なんて　
考えてちゃだめだ。

tara たら

Sentence Patterns

So let's check out the sentence patterns of たら (tara) sentence...

Sentence 1	たら、	Sentence 2
Affirmative
Verb た-form	ら、	Sentence 2
い-Adj (～い) かった	ら、	Sentence 2
な-Adj　だった	ら、	Sentence 2
Noun　だった	ら、	Sentence 2
Negative
Verb ない-form (～ない)	なかったら、	Sentence 2
い-Adj (～い) く	なかったら、	Sentence 2
な-Adj で	なかったら、	Sentence 2
Noun で	なかったら、	Sentence 2

There is another shorter and simple way to show the sentence pattern...

Sentence 1	たら、	Sentence 2
Affirmative/Negative
Plain-form Past	ら、	Sentence 2

Note: For な-Adj and Noun Negative
な-Adj/Noun で は なかったら

Examples of Japanese Conditional Form たら (tara) Sentence

1.	安かったら、たくさん買います。 yasukattara, takusan kaimasu Meaning: If it's cheap, I'll buy a lot.
2.	コートを着たら、寒くありません。 ko-to wo kitara, samukuarimasen Meaning: If you wear coat, you won't feel cold.
3.	明日元気だったら、20km走ります。 ashita genki dattara, 20km hashirimasu Meaning: If I feel energetic tomorrow, I'll run 20km.
4.	雨だったら、出かけません。 ame dattara, dekakemasen Meaning: If it rains, I won't go out.
5.	時間がなかったら、映画を見ません。 jikan ga nakattara, eiga wo mimasen Meaning: If I don't have time, I won't watch the movie.
6.	寒くなかったら、T-シャツを着ます。 samukunakattara, T-shatsu wo kimasu Meaning: If it's not cold, I'll wear T-shirt.
7.	静かでなかったら、寝られません。 shizuka denakattara, neraremasen Meaning: If it's not quiet, I cannot sleep.
8.	いい天気でながったら、うちでテレビを見ます。 ii tenki denakattara, uchi de terebi wo mimasu Meaning: If the weather is not good, I'll watch TV at home.

nodesuka のですが

First of all, "no desu ga" is written "のですが" in japanese, so in alphabet, it should be "nodesuga". No spaces. 

This expression could be used for a sentence of contrast. 
For example, "I want to go, but I sleep today." 
⇒行きたいのですが、きょうはねます。 
　Ikitai "nodesuga"、kyouha namasu。 
In this case, "nodesuga" was used as "but". 

There is also another type of sentence which doesn't have the last half part of sentence. 
⇒行きたいのですが・・・ 
　Ikitai"nodesuga".....(end) 
This is a sentence that the speaker is "indicating" that the speaker has a negative condition from the first part of sentence. So that a listener would be able to "guess" that she/he can not go. 

-TEMO -ても - even if

雨が降っても、ピクニックに行きます
I will go on a picnic even if it rains.

雨がふったら、ピクニックに行きません。
I will not go on a picnic if it rains.

dokoka どこか

(exp, n, adv) somewhere; anywhere; in some respects

どこかに電話はありませんか。
Is there a telephone anywhere?

と言えば [といえば] (toieba)

Meaning: speaking of ~ 
    Example: Speaking of rain, what is the weather like tomorrow?
    JLPT Level: 2

春と言えば、卒業の季節。 
Speaking of spring, it is the season for graduation.  


果物と言えばバナナだ。 
Speaking of fruit, it is a banana.  

Don Don どんどん

The word “don don” is another word that describes state or conditions in Japanese, but it is such a super versatile word that we use on many occasions. So, I figured why not cover this in today’s lesson. Once you are immersed in Japanese language, you will hear this word sooner or later. 

Don Don (どんどん，ドンドン) – loud noise (such as, knocking the door, beating a drum, and pounding the table loudly) bouncy noise, steadily, fast, away, rapidly, gradually, go ahead, etc. 

My puppy is quickly growing.

Uchi no koinu wa don don seichō shiteimasu.

うちの　こいぬは　どんどん　せいちょう　しています。

(うちの　子犬は　どんどん　成長　しています。)

Go ahead and keep walking (rapidly).

Don don aruite mae ni susun de.

どんどん　あるいて　まえに　すすんで。

（どんどん　歩いて　前に　進んで。）

Fire away!

Don don utte!

どんどん　うって！

（どんどん　撃って！）

Someone is knocking at the door loudly.

Dareka ga don don doa o tataite iruyo.

だれかが　どんどん　どあを　たたいているよ。

(誰かが　どんどん　ドアを　叩いているよ。)

Feel free to ask me more questions.

Don don shitsumon shite kudasaine.

どんどん　しつもん　して　くださいね。

(どんどん　質問して　下さいね。)

As I get to know you, I like you more and more.

Anata o shiru yō ni natte, don don anataga sukini narimasu.

あなたを　知るようになって　どんどん　あなたが　すきに　なります。

(貴方を　知るように　なって　どんどん　貴方が　好きに　なります。)

Study on and on. You will have an exam next week.

Don don benkyō shitene. Raishu sheiken aru yone.

どんどん　べんきょう　してね。　らいしゅう　しけん　あるよね。

(どんどん　勉強してね。来週　試験　あるよね)

Eat more (and more).

Don don tabetene.

どんどん　たべてね。

（どんどん　食べてね）