How to combine 2 adjectives

There are 2 types of adjectives

1) i adjectives
2) Na adjectives

To make the て-form of an い-adjective, just take off い (i) and add くて (kute).

For example, 甘い (amai) -sweet – becomes 甘くて (amakute).

To change a な-adjective (na-adjective) to て-form, just add で (de) to the simple form of the adjective (don’t add な to the end).

For example, 静か (shizuka) – quiet – becomes 静かで (shizuka de).



EXAMPLE
This town is a quiet and safe place

この町はし静かで　安全な　所です

The many uses of TE

TE form is very useful, and has many uses.

Let's examine these uses.


1) Using 2 adjectives to describe an object.
i Adjective - change the i to くて
na Adjective - change the NA to で
Noun - Add で

EG.　This apple is big and delicious.

このりんごはおおきくて、おいしいです


2 ) Used to say AFTER
-てから　－　means after this verb , event.

EG. たべてから　- means after  you eat.

ni naru に なる

There are many verbs that express change in Japanese. The most basic one is, "naru (to become)". The verb "naru" is used in [Noun + ni naru] and [basic Verb + you ni naru].

"~ ni naru"

• Michiko wa kyonen bengoshi ni narimashita. 道子は去年弁護士になりました.
  • Michiko became a lawyer last year.
• Yamada-sensei wa rainen kouchou ni narimasu. 山田先生は来年校長になります。
  • Mr. Yamada will become principal next year.
• Tomoko wa hirou no tame, byouki ni narimashita. 智子は疲労のため、病気になりました。
  •  Tomoko became sick from fatigue.
• Mada natsu ni narimasen. まだ夏になりません。
  •  Summer has not yet come.

In these sentences, the words, "bengoshi" "kouchou" "byouki" and "natsu" all express the resulting state. As for the fourth example, the subject is omitted.

Nature's seasonal changes, such as it getting hotter and spring arriving, are described using " naru". For example, "natsu ni narimashita 夏になりました", which literally means, "it has become summer". The English expression would be "summer has come".

Change in Adjectives

Change in state may be expressed not only by nouns, as seen in the examples above, but also by adjectives. When accompanied by adjectives, they take adverbial form. As for the I-adjective, replace the final "~ i" with "~ ku" to make the adverbial form.

Ookii 大きい (big) ---- ookiku (naru) 大きく(なる)
Atarashii 新しい (new) --- atarashiku (naru) 新しく(なる)
Atsui 暑い (hot) --- atsuku (naru) 暑く(なる)
Yasui 安い (cheap) --- yasuku (naru) 安く(なる)

As for Na-adjective, replace the final "~ na" with "~ ni".

Kireina きれいな (pretty) ---- kireini (naru) きれいに（なる）
Yuumeina 有名な (famous) --- yuumeini (naru) 有名に(なる)
Genkina 元気な (healthy) --- genkini (naru) 元気に(なる)
Shizukana 静かな (quiet) --- shizukani (naru) 静かに(なる)

Here are some examples with adjectives:

• Koinu wa sugu ni ookiku narimasu. 子犬はすぐに大きくなります。
  • The puppy will become big quickly.
• Atatakaku narimashita ne. 暖かくなりましたね。
  •  It has gotten warm, hasn't it?
• Ano mise wa totemo yuumei ni narimashita. あの店はとても有名になりました。
  • The store has become very famous.

"~ you ni naru"

"~ you ni naru" usually indicates a gradual change. It can be translated as, "come to ~; it has come to be that ~; has finally become" etc.

• Nanshii wa nihongo ga sukoshi hanaseru you ni natta. ナンシーは日本語が少し話せるようになった。
  • Nancy is finally able to speak Japanese a little.
• Youyaku kanojo no kimochi ga wakaru you ni narimashita. ようやく彼女の気持ちがわかるようになりました。
  • I've finally come to understand her feelings.
• Hiroshi wa nandemo yoku taberu you ni narimashita. 博は何でも食べるようになりました。
  •  Hiroshi has come to eat everything well.
• Chichi wa sake o nomanai you ni natta. 父は酒を飲まないようになった。
  •  My father has reached the point where he doesn't drink sake.
• Muzukashii kanji mo yomeru you ni natta. 難しい漢字も読めるようになった。
  •  I have come to read even the difficult kanji.

"You ni" by itself can be used as an adverbial phrase, along with other verbs (not just, "naru"). For example, "Kare wa nihongo o nihon jin no you ni hanasu 彼は日本語を日本人のように話す。 (He speaks Japanese like a Japanese person.)"

"~ koto ni naru"

While, "~ you ni naru" describes a shift or change, focusing on the result itself, "~ koto ni naru" is often used when someone's decision, or an arrangement, is involved. It translates to, "it will be decided that ~; come about ~; turn out that ~". Even if the speaker decides to do something, it sounds more indirect and more humble to use this structure rather than using, "koto ni suru (decide to do)".

• Watashi wa raigetsu kara ginkou ni tsutomeru koto ni narimashita. 私は来月から銀行に勤めることになりました。
  • It has been decided that the bank will employ me next month.
• Rainen go-gatsu ni kekkon suru koto ni narimashita. 来年五月に結婚することになりました。
  • It's been arranged that I will get married next May.
• Nihon dewa kuruma wa hidarigawa o hashiru koto ni natteiru. 日本では車は左側を走ることになっている。
  • In Japan, cars are supposed to be driven on the left side.
• Kyou Tanaka-san ni au koto ni natte imasu. 今日田中さんと会うことになっています。
  • It's been arranged that I'm going to see Mr. Tanaka today.
• Maiku wa nihon de eigo o oshieru koto ni naru deshou. マイクは日本で英語を教えることになるでしょう。

Question words

だれ Who
いつ When
なに What
なぜ Why formal
どうして Why
たんで Why
どこ Where
どう How
どうやって How to do

ず zu

Definition

Ending

1. Attached to the Mizenkei (-a) form of a verb, the ending ～ず -zu is used to negate a verb and imply that the action or state is ongoing. Its usage is commonly translated as "without" or "while not".
   1. おもわず【思わず】
      omowazu
      "(I was) not thinking (when)", "(I) unintentionally", "(I) ~ without thinking", "Without thinking..."
   2. あめにもまけず【雨ニモマケズ】
      ame ni mo makezu
      "While not succumbing to the rain", "Without giving in to the rain"
      (Famous poem title by Kenji Miyazawa)
2. When compounded with the particle に -ni and followed by another verb or phrase, it implies the notion of "without (doing)" or "while not (doing)".
3. When compounded alone with に -ni, it may be used to indicate prohibition.
4. In the construction ～ずにはいられない ~zu ni wa irarenai or ～ずにいられない ~zu ni irarenai, it means "to be unable to help but (do something)", "cannot help (but) ~", "can't help but ~".
   1. せずにはいられない
      sezu ni wa irarenai
      "cannot help but do (it)"

なさい [なさい] (nasai)

Drop the ーます from the ーます form and add なさい to make this form



座りなさい。 
Sit down.  

mae ni 前に

Verb Dictionary form + 前に
Noun + の前に

naku temo ii desu なく ても いいです

don't have to.

Verb-ないform (remove い) + くて(も)いい

sou desu そうです

Meaning - looks like, seems like

美味しいです　美味しそうです

高いです　高そうです

楽しいです　たのしそうです

connecting 2 adjectives

i-Adjective

To change to te-form for i-adjectives, remove the "い" (i) and replace it with "くて" (kute).

To change to te-form for na-adjectives, append "で" (de) at the end.

Marie Currie - Page 3

Subsequently, this Manya, who later became known as Marie Curie, became the first woman to receive the Nobel prize, and she even received it twice.

Manya grew to love reading books.

By reading, she came to learn and understand about thats that she did not know before.

As she learn and discover more things from reading, the more she want to know, and the more books she want to read.

When Manya entered primary school, she went to the one side of the library to read books.

nodesu のです

SOURCE - Maggie Sensei


In order to understand how to use ん ( = ), you have to know  the form of  ** のです ( = ** no desu. ) or  **のだ  ( = **noda)  because * *んです  ( = **n desu) and **んだ ( = **n da) are spoken language of  **のです ( = ** no desu.) or  **のだ ( =**noda.).

What is the  difference between 1) and 2)?

1) 寒いです。= samui desu.

2) 寒いのです。= samui no desu

Basic form

adjective (na-adjective and i-adjective) and verb (dictionary form) + のです = nodesu → んです = n desu

or のだ = noda→んだ = nda

• 暑いです。

= Atsui desu.

= It’s hot. (Just a fact.)

↓ (giving  a reason.)

• 暑いのです。

= Atsui no desu.

=Because it’s hot.

↓ (conversational)

• 暑いんです。

= Atsuin desu.

= Because it’s hot.

↓(more casual)

• 暑いんだ。

= Atsuin da.

= ‘Cause it’s hot.

NARU なる

ADJECTIVES



As for the I-adjective, replace the final "~ i" with "~ ku" to make the adverbial form.

Atarashii 新しい (new) --- atarashiku (naru) 新しく(なる)

Atsui 暑い (hot) --- atsuku (naru) 暑く(なる)

Ookii 大きい (big) ---- ookiku (naru) 大きく(なる)


NA-Adjective
replace the final "~ na" with "~ ni".


Kireina きれいな (pretty) ---- kireini (naru) きれいに（なる）

Shizukana 静かな (quiet) --- shizukani (naru) 静かに(なる)

NOUN

NOUN + Ni Naru

Connecting grammar

1) I see - そうですか

Potential Form

Rules for creating potential form

• For ru-verbs: Replace the 「る」 with 「られる」.
  Example: 見る → 見られる
• For u-verbs: Change the last character from a / u / vowel sound to the equivalent / e / vowel sound and add 「る」.
  Example: 遊ぶ → 遊べ → 遊べる
• Exceptions:
  1. 「する」 becomes 「できる」
  2. 「くる」 becomes 「こられる」

※Remember that all potential verbs become ru-verbs.

ALL POTENTIAL FORM USE GA



Group 1　かきます　かけます　かける　write
Group２　おきます　おきられます
Group3　きます　こられます
Group3　します　できます　

Examples

1. 漢字は書けますか？
   Can you write kanji?
2. 残念だが、今週末は行けない。
   It’s unfortunate, but can’t go this weekend.
3. もう信じられない。
   I can’t believe it already.

Vocabulary

1. 見える 【み・える】 (ru-verb) – to be visible
2. 聞こえる 【き・こえる】 (ru-verb) – to be audible
3. 今日 【きょう】 – today
4. 晴れる 【は・れる】 (ru-verb) – to be sunny
5. 富士山 【ふ・じ・さん】 – Mt. Fuji
6. 友達 【とも・だち】 – friend
7. おかげ – thanks to
8. 映画 【えい・が】 – movie
9. ただ – free of charge; only
10. 見る 【み・る】 (ru-verb) – to see
11. こと – event, matter
12. 出来る 【で・き・る】 (ru-verb) – to be able to do
13. 久しぶり 【ひさ・しぶり】 – after a long time
14. 彼 【かれ】 – he; boyfriend
15. 声 【こえ】 – voice
16. 聞く 【き・く】 (u-verb) – to ask; to listen
17. 周り 【まわ・り】 – surroundings
18. うるさい (i-adj) – noisy
19. 言う 【い・う】 (u-verb) – to say
20. あまり／あんまり – not very (when used with negative)

Examples

1. 今日は晴れて、富士山が見える。
   (It) cleared up today and Fuji-san is visible.
2. 友達のおかげで、映画はただで見られた。
   Thanks to (my) friend, (I) was able to watch the movie for free.
3. 友達のおかげで、映画をただで見ることができた。
   Thanks to (my) friend, (I) was able to watch the movie for free.

difference between 言った and 言われた

言った is the past form of 言う and, as you said, it means "said" or "told".

言われる is the passive form of 言う and it means "to be told". 言われた is the past form of the passive, and so means "was told".

彼は医者に禁酒するようにいわれた。

He was told to abstain from drinking by the doctor.

勉強をするそうに　いわれた

souni そうに

meaning - look , seem like

Verb-ますstem + そうに + Verb
なadjective + そうに + Verb

いadjective (remove い) + そうに + Verb

(~しよう、〜しましょう): - Let's do something.

te aru てある

てある (te aru) is used when something is intentionally done and you can see the resulting state of that action.

ドアが開けてある

The door has been left open (intentionally)

Example 1) 作った VS 作ってある

This example will focus on the difference between using past form and てある (te aru) form.

1.1) Using 作った

明日の弁当はもう作った。

ashita no bentou wa mou tsukutta.

I (have) already made tomorrow’s bento (lunch).

1.2) Using 作ってある

明日の弁当はもう作ってある。

ashita no bentou wa mou tsukutte aru.

Tomorrow’s bento (lunch) has been prepared already.

* 書く( = kaku) = to write

make て ( = te) form and add ある ( = aru )

書いてある ( = kaite aru) to be written (when you find something that someone wrote with a purpose. ) 

ながす 流す

#電線　　#は#電気　　を流す。
でんせん　　　でんき　　ながす　

wires carry electricity