-TEMO -ても - even if

雨が降っても、ピクニックに行きます
I will go on a picnic even if it rains.

雨がふったら、ピクニックに行きません。
I will not go on a picnic if it rains.

dokoka どこか

(exp, n, adv) somewhere; anywhere; in some respects

どこかに電話はありませんか。
Is there a telephone anywhere?

と言えば [といえば] (toieba)

Meaning: speaking of ~ 
    Example: Speaking of rain, what is the weather like tomorrow?
    JLPT Level: 2

春と言えば、卒業の季節。 
Speaking of spring, it is the season for graduation.  


果物と言えばバナナだ。 
Speaking of fruit, it is a banana.  

Don Don どんどん

The word “don don” is another word that describes state or conditions in Japanese, but it is such a super versatile word that we use on many occasions. So, I figured why not cover this in today’s lesson. Once you are immersed in Japanese language, you will hear this word sooner or later. 

Don Don (どんどん，ドンドン) – loud noise (such as, knocking the door, beating a drum, and pounding the table loudly) bouncy noise, steadily, fast, away, rapidly, gradually, go ahead, etc. 

My puppy is quickly growing.

Uchi no koinu wa don don seichō shiteimasu.

うちの　こいぬは　どんどん　せいちょう　しています。

(うちの　子犬は　どんどん　成長　しています。)

Go ahead and keep walking (rapidly).

Don don aruite mae ni susun de.

どんどん　あるいて　まえに　すすんで。

（どんどん　歩いて　前に　進んで。）

Fire away!

Don don utte!

どんどん　うって！

（どんどん　撃って！）

Someone is knocking at the door loudly.

Dareka ga don don doa o tataite iruyo.

だれかが　どんどん　どあを　たたいているよ。

(誰かが　どんどん　ドアを　叩いているよ。)

Feel free to ask me more questions.

Don don shitsumon shite kudasaine.

どんどん　しつもん　して　くださいね。

(どんどん　質問して　下さいね。)

As I get to know you, I like you more and more.

Anata o shiru yō ni natte, don don anataga sukini narimasu.

あなたを　知るようになって　どんどん　あなたが　すきに　なります。

(貴方を　知るように　なって　どんどん　貴方が　好きに　なります。)

Study on and on. You will have an exam next week.

Don don benkyō shitene. Raishu sheiken aru yone.

どんどん　べんきょう　してね。　らいしゅう　しけん　あるよね。

(どんどん　勉強してね。来週　試験　あるよね)

Eat more (and more).

Don don tabetene.

どんどん　たべてね。

（どんどん　食べてね）

Nani ka and Nani ga

なにか (nanika)
something, anything 

なにが (naniga)
what

なにが ほしいですか?
Naniga hoshii desuka?
What do you want?

なにか ほしいですか?
Nanika hoshii desuka?
Do you want anything?

Nani mo （なにも）and Nan demo なん でも

なにも (NANIMO) is only used in a negative sentence and なんでも (NANDEMO) is used in a positive sentence.

Let me give you some example sentences.

Using なにも (nothing/anything)
1) きょうは なにも たべませんでした。(KYOU WA NANIMO TABEMASEN DESHITA) = I didn't eat anything today.

2) れいぞうこに　なにも　ありません。(REIZOUKO NI NANIMO ARIMASEN) = There is nothing in the refrigerator.

3) なにも いりません。(NANIMO IRIMASEN) = I don't need anything.

Using なんでも (anything/everything)
1) わたしは　なんでも　たべます。(WATASHI WA NANDEMO TABEMASU) = I eat anything/everything.

2) れいぞうこに　なんでも　ありますよ。(REIZOUKO NI NANDEMO ARIMASUYO) = I have everything/many things in the refrigetator.

3) プレゼントは　なんでも　いいです。(PUREZENTO WA NANDEMO II DESU) = As for presents, anything is good for me.

When it comes to いつも (ITSUMO/always) and いつでも (ITSUDEMO/anytime), they are both used in a positive sentence.  It may be easier to understand the difference between these two words since the English meaning don't change depending on the context.

Using いつも (always)
１）わたしは　いつも　うちで　ばんごはんを　たべます。(WATASHI WA ITSUMO UCHI DE BANGOHAN O TABEMASU) = I always eat dinner at home.

2) たなかさんは　いつも　でんわしています。(TANAKA SAN WA ITSUMO DENWASHITEIMASU) = Mr. Tanaka is always talking on a phone.

Using いつでも (anytime)

１）いつでも　うちに　きてください。(ITSUDEMO UCHI NI KITEKUDASAI) = Please come to my house anytime.

2) わたしは　いつでも　どこでも　ねられます。(WATASHI WA ITSUDEMO DOKODEMO NERAREMASU) = I can sleep anytime anywhere.

Dono どの

There are two people (A san and B san) talking in a parking lot. A san points his car out and says B san that that is his car. But B san still doesn't know which one is his car. So B san asks him back and A san points his car out and says again.
I am also going to add one more sentence in each Example Q&A to answer your grammatical question.


(1)
A san: そのくるまは わたしのです。(SONO KURUMA WA WATASHI NO DESU) = That car is mine.

B san: (あなたの くるまは） どのくるまですか。(ANATA NO KURUMA WADONO KURUMA DESUKA) = Which car is it (your car)?

A san:(わたしの くるまは） そのくるまです。(WATASHI NO KURUMA WA SONO KURUMA DESU) = (My car) is that car.

(2)
A san: それは わたしの くるまです。(SORE WA WATASHI NO KURUMA DESU) = That is my car.

B san: (あなたの くるまは） どれですか。(ANATANO KURUMA WA DORE DESUKA) = Which one is it (your car)?

A san: (わたしの くるまは） それです。(WATASHI NO KURUMA WA SORE DESU) = (My car is) that one.


In the first example Q&A, the topic of the sentence (ANATA NO KURUMA /your car) is omitted since it is understood.

In the second example Q&A, the topic of the sentence (ANATA NO KURUMA /your car) could be omitted as in the first one, however, the くるまは (KURUMA WA) part is left and was not omitted for the purpose of grammatical explanation.
Both sentences have the topic/subject in the same place. It is just that one is hidden and the other one is not.